In some breast cancer patients who have lymph node positivity or large tumors, breast cancer may be best treated with lumpectomy if radiation will be needed for either lumpectomy or mastectomy. When the breast tumor is close to the overlying skin or involves the overlying skin, the skin will need to be removed during a lumpectomy or mastectomy. The latissimus…
The latissimus dorsi flap is an important and very versatile flap for breast reconstruction. The latissimus flap almost always requires a breast implant to add volume to the breast reconstruction in order to match the contralateral breast. The latissimus dorsi flap can be harvested and transferred with a skin paddle to replace a missing nipple areola complex or it can…
Breast reconstruction is a challenging aspect of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Mastectomy reconstruction involves re-creating the breast when skin is thin and devitalized and or radiated from the mastectomy surgery. When a breast implant becomes exposed after mastectomy reconstruction the patient and surgeon are faced with a challenging problem. The implant can become exposed from poor quality of the mastectomy…
Breast cancer that is treated with lumpectomy defects will often undergo radiation therapy. The radiation therapy can adversely effect the skin and tissue of the breast. Common changes can be atrophy of the skin and fat necrosis. The latissimus flap can be helpful to fill lumpectomy defects or defects that occur after removal of fat necrosis. The latissimus flap can…
Reconstruction of mastectomy defects is challenging. It is even more challenging in the face of radiation. Not all tissues and tissue types tolerate radiation to the same degree. In some patients implant reconstructions are not amenable after they have undergone radiation. Improving the tissue characteristics is important to making an implant reconstruction a viable option. One of the more common…
