When tumors are close to the nipple areola complex the nipple is often removed at the time of the lumpectomy to clear the anterior margin. When mammary prosthesis are in place, often the mammary prosthesis can be removed at the time of the lumpectomy procedure. Patients often choose to have their implants removed at the time of lumpectomy as they…
Pathologic fractures of the mandible following tumor excision and radiation can be challenging to correct. These fractures are often best definitively treated with free fibula flap reconstruction of the mandibular defect with careful attention to the patients occlusion. More specific information to step-by-step reconstruction of these challenging defects can be read by clicking on this link.
